Basics of Wi-Fi Security and Encryption (WPA, WEP, WPA2, WPA3) - MCQs & Notes

🔐 Wi-Fi Security Protocols

Wireless internet has become indispensable, but its security is paramount. Understanding Wi-Fi security protocols, from the outdated to the cutting-edge, is crucial for safeguarding your digital life.

WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy): Introduced in 1997, WEP used static keys and was easily hacked. Retired in 2004.

WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access): Introduced in 2003 with TKIP. Better than WEP but still vulnerable.

WPA2: Introduced in 2004 with AES and CCMP. More secure but had KRACK vulnerability, now patched.

WPA3: Introduced in 2018. Uses stronger encryption, individual data protection, and simplified setup.

• Stronger Encryption: AES in Galois/Counter Mode with 192/256-bit keys.
• Enhanced Authentication: Uses SAE (Simultaneous Authentication of Equals).
• Individualized Data Encryption: Uses Opportunistic Wireless Encryption (OWE).
• Simpler Configuration: Wi-Fi Easy Connect for setup.

Feature	WPA2	WPA3
Encryption	AES-CCMP (128-bit)	AES-GCM (192/256-bit)
Key Establishment	4-way handshake	Dragonfly handshake
Authentication	Pre-Shared Key (PSK)	SAE
Password Security	Vulnerable to dictionary attacks	Resistant to dictionary attacks
Forward Secrecy	No	Yes

• Change Default Credentials: Rename SSID and change default admin credentials.
• Keep Firmware Updated: Update router firmware regularly to patch vulnerabilities.
• Disable Unused Features: Turn off remote access, UPnP, and WPS if unused.
• Use a Guest Network: Isolate guest devices from your main network.
• MAC Filtering: Limit access by device MAC address (not foolproof).

Wi-Fi Security Protocols Quiz